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3.2 The cell cycle
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Chapter 3: Cell division
3.1 Overview (ESG5G)
Introduction (ESG5H)
Time allocation: 2 weeks (8 hours)
In this section we discuss how and why cells make copies of themselves, as well as what can go wrong when cell division is uncontrolled. Learners will be introduced to the mechanism by which cells replicate themselves through the process of cell division called mitosis. Mitosis is absolutely vital to the survival of all organisms, as without it unicellular organisms would not be able to reproduce and multicellular organisms would not be able to grow or heal after damage. However, uncontrolled mitosis can result in cancer, a potentially fatal condition. In this chapter we will review the stages of mitosis in plants and animal cells. We will then discuss how cancer is caused and some treatments that are available.
- The cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic phase.
- During interphase cells grow in size and replicate their DNA.
- Chromosomes are present in the nuclei of all cells and consist of two chromatids joined by a centromere.
- Mitosis is the process by which cells distribute their replicated DNA to two daughter cells.
- The mitotic phase consists of five stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis is the means of reproduction in unicellular organisms that undergo asexual reproduction.
- Mitosis is required for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
- Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled mitosis.
- Cancer is caused by carcinogens and is treated through surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
In this unit you will learn how we are able to replicate our cells through the process of cell division called mitosis. Mitosis is absolutely vital to the survival of all organisms, as without it unicellular organisms would not be able to reproduce and multicellular organisms would not be able to grow or heal after damage. However, uncontrolled mitosis can result in cancer, a potentially fatal condition. In this chapter we will review the stages of mitosis in plants and animal cells. We will then discuss how cancer is caused and some treatments that are available.
- The cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic phase.
- During interphase cells grow in size and replicate their DNA.
- Chromosomes are present in the nuclei of all cells and consist of two chromatids joined by a centromere.
- Mitosis is the process by which cells distribute their replicated DNA to two daughter cells.
- The mitotic phase consists of five stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis is the means of reproduction in unicellular organisms that undergo asexual reproduction.
- Mitosis is required for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
- Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled mitosis.
- Cancer is caused by carcinogens and is treated through surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
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3.2 The cell cycle
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